Harness mechanism for looms.



No; 760,024. v PATENTED MAY 17, 1904. P. 0. SGHWEMMER 0 N. M. SHINN.

HARNESS MECHANISM FOR LOOMS.

APPLICATION FILED 0110.7, 1903. N0 MODEL.

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' M M 4m "5 PETERS CO, FHOTO-LH'HO WASHINGTON D C No. 760,024. 7 PATENTED MAY :17; 1904.

P. U. SGHWEMMER & N. M. SHINN. HARNESS MECHANISM FOR. LOOMS.

APPLICATION FILED AUG. 7, 1903.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

N0 MODEL.

. PATENTED MAY 17, 1904. P. O. SGHWBMMER & N. M. SHINN.

HARNESS MECHANISM FOR LOOMS.

APPLICATION FIL ED AUG. 7, 1903.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

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connections and to eifect such control of the- UNITED STATES Patented May 17, 1904.

PATENT OFFICE.

PAUL CHRISTIAN SOHVVEMMER AND NATHANIEL MARCUS SHINN, OF PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA, ASSIGNORS TO ROBERT DORNAN AND THOMAS BENTON DORNAN, OF PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA, OOMPOSING THE FIRM OF .DORNAN BROTHERS.

HARNESS MECHANISM FOR LOOMS.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 760,024, dated May 17, 1904.

Application filed August '7, 1903- Serial No. 168,570. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that we, PAUL CHRISTIAN SOHWEIWIMER and NATHANIEL Masons SI-IINN, citizens of the United States, residing at Philadelphia, in the county of Philadelphia and State of Pennsylvania, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Harness Mechanism for Looms, of which the following is a specification, reference being had therein to the accompanying drawings.

Our invention relates to harness for looms, and more particularly to harness for looms such as are used for weaving pile fabrics wherein the pile-warps are tied at any time under the weft-threads of the lower ply of the fabric.

One of the objects ofour'invention is to provide for effectively weaving such fabrics with the employment of a lifter-board or comberboard controlling figuring warp-threads, so that the jacquard mechanism will only have to control the particular threads which are selected to form the pile. I

Our invention also has for its object to pre vent entanglement of the harness-cordsand to improve the construction of the harness figuring warp-threads that the operations of the loom may be readily and reliable effected.

According to our invention the comberboard has imparted to it a sulficient Vertical movement to perform the necessary shedforming lifting operation, and in addition thereto it is moved longitudinally of the loom. The vertical movement effects the lifting of the harness connections or suspended warpcarrying devices which have not been selected and lifted to form pile, and the movement longitudinally of the loom carries the engaging'parts of the comber-board into such position that the engaging projections on the barness connections selected and lifted to form pile may now be lowered through the comber-.

board to carry the warp-threads controlled by these harness connections to the lower part of the shed, with all other harness connections elevated to maintain their warp-threads in the upper part of the shed, as is necessary when the pile is tied under a lowerply weftthread.

According to our invention the harness connections have rigid portions therein extending above the engaging projections thereof, so that the slack of the cords resulting from the lifting movement of the comber-board will be at all times held above the comberboard and cannot become entangled or caught in the holes or slits of the comber-board, and according to our invention these rigid portions extend downward to include the mails and carry the lingoes at their lower ends.

Our invention also includes various improvements in the construction and combination of parts.

We will now describe the loom mechanism illustrated in the accompanying drawings and embodying our invention and will thereafter point out our invention in claims.

Figure 1 is. a longitudinal vertical section showing the principal parts of a loom with the comber-board down and the lay in forward position. Fig. 1 is a conventionalillustration of the jacquard mechanism. Fig. 2 is a similarview with the comber-board raised and the lay in rearward position. Fig. 3 is a plan View of the comber-board with the controlling-cam in horizontal section. Figs. 4 and 5 are respectively a side elevation and an end elevation of the rigid harness-link. Fig. 6 is a vertical section, on the line 6 6, Fig. 7, of a comber-board and harness connections of modified construction. Fig. 7 is a plan view of such comber-board of modified construction.

The lay 1 is carried on swords 2 on a rockshaft 5 and is actuated through connectingarms a bycranks 3 on the main shaft 6. The reed l5 and shuttle 16 may be of any usual or suitable construction; but an additional or crossing-reed is provided, of the construction shown and claimed in Patent No. 733,434, dated July 14:, 1903, to Nathaniel Marcus Shinn, one of the present applicants. This crossing-reed 17 is actuated by a cam 18 on a shaft 19, geared to the main shaft 6', this cam actuating the crossing-reed through a rocklever 20 and connecting-rod 21. The function of the crossing-reed is to guide the warpthreads which are lifted to form the pile so that they will cross the longitudinal pile-wires, and this is accomplished bylaterally-deflected guides in the crossing-reed.

The longitudinal pile-wires are of the construction shown and claimed in Patent No. 730,438, dated June 9, 1903, to Thomas Benton Dornan. These longitudinal pile-wires 22 are provided with cutting edges 26 and are held in a bar 23 by a clamp 24;, extend rearwardly, so as to penetrate the reed 15 only when the reed is in forward position, but not at any time to enter the crossing-reed 17. The projection of the longitudinal pile-wires in rear of the reed 15 when the reed is in forward position is just suflicient to afford a protruding part, over which the pile-forming figuring-warps may be crossed or looped. The crossing or looping of the pile-forming figuring warp-threads is efiected while the lay is in forward position.

The construction of crossing-reed and longitudinal pile-wires shown is selected for conveniently presenting a complete operative device; but obviously any suitable construction of pile-forming mechanism may be used.

The jacquard mechanism is conventionally illustrated, comprising the pattern-cylinder j, the needles k, hooks m, and grifis 72 The ten hooks shown control the harness connections oftwo rows of five harness connections each. The function of the jacquard mechanism is to select and lift the pile forming threads.

The figuring warp-threads a, 6, 0, (Z, and c are controlled by the harness connections 7,

8, 9, 10, and 11, respectively, to be hereinafter described. The binder warp-threads f and g and a stufier warp-thread 7a are controlled by the heddles 12, 13, and 14, respectively, and may be operated in any usual or suitable manner. v

The comber-board 35 is supported and operated by arms 32, one of which would be provided at each side of the loom, each of these arms being pivotally connected to a liftinglever 31, which is shown as actuated by a cam 29 on a cam-shaft 30. This comber-board cam-shaft 30 is shown as actuated from the main shaft 6 through a train of gearing, including the gears 40 41, which actuate the camshaft 19 of the crossing-reed, and also including a gear-wheel 28 on the comberboard cam-shaft 30 and an idler 27 between the gear-wheel 28 and the gear-wheel 41. Each of the gear-wheels 41 and 28 of the two cam-shafts is twice the diameter of the gearwheel 40 on the main shaft, and therefore each cam-shaft makes one-half a revolution to each revolution of the main shaft.

The comber-board is provided with camrollers 33 on each end thereof, which operate in slotted or cam guides 34, which are secured to the vertical sides of the frame of the loom, and each of these cam-guides is provided with an upper and lower vertical portion and an intermediate inclined portion, so as to move the comber-board longitudinally of the loom as it is raised and lowered, and in the construction shown these cams 34 guide the comberboard backward when it is moved upward and forward when it is moved downward. The comber-board 35 in the construction shown in Figs. 1 to 5, inclusive, is provided with openings or rectangular holes 36 for the harness connections of the figuring warp-threads and with connected engaging parts or slits extending rearwardly from the rectangular holes, the holes being sufliciently large to permit the projections of the harness connections to pass freely therethrough. Five sets of harness connections 7 8, 9, 10, and 11, respectively, are shown, and the connections of each group of five are shown as arranged in an oblique vertical plane, and the holes and slits in the comber board 35 are correspondingly arranged thereon in oblique lines. Each harness connection'is provided with a rigid por-' tion 37, extending downward from a point above the comber-board 35 and provided with an engaging projection adapted to be engaged by the comber-board to lift the harness connection when the harness connection is in its corresponding slit in the comber-board, but not to be engaged by the comber-board when the harness connection is in its larger opening or rectangular hole in the comberboard. These engaging projections in the construction shown in Figs. 1 to 5, inclusive, are formed by beads 38, struck up from the sheetmetal material of the rigid portions 37 of the harness connections. The rigid portions 37 are of suflicient length above these engaging projections 38 to hold up the slack cords clear of the comber-board 35 when the comberboard is in upper position, as shown in Fig. 2, thereby preventing entanglement of the slack cords in the slits or holes of the comber-board. They are also shown as extending down to include the mails 43, through which the warpthreads are passed, and extending down below the mails to the lingo 42, with which they are shown as connected by links. This construction is simple and provides ample room for the warp-threads by reason of the thinness of these connections, which are preferably sheet-metal strips or ribbons, and while these metallic ribbons are sufficiently rigid to effectively perform the work of holding up the slack of the cords and also to maintain the warp-threads out of contact with one another they are also sufliciently flexible for all pur- IOO poses of adjustment and access. They are maintained in desired positions by the slits or rectangular holes in the comber-board 35.

When the comber-board is in lower posi-. tion, the harness connections pass through the engaging slits in the comber-board. When the comber-board is in upper position, the rectangular holes in the comber-board are in line with the normal positions of the harness connections and the engaging slits have been moved away therefrom, themovement longitudinally of the loom which accompanied the lifting of the comber-board having effected such change in the positions of the slits and holes of the comber-board. During such upward movement of the comber-board, however, all harness connections which had not been previously lifted will be engaged and lifted by the comber-board in the usual manner and will be also carried longitudinally of the loom or in the construction shown will be carried rearward by the comber-board as the comber-board moves upward and rearward. The harness connections of the threads selected to form the pile are, however, lifted in advanceof the upward movement of the comber-board, so that these connections will not be caught and lifted and moved rearward by the comber-board, and are moved downward after the comber-board has reached its extreme rearward position, and therefore while the holes of the comber-looard are in line with the normal positions of the connections, and as these connections have not been moved rearward from such normal positions their projections 38 will pass freely through the holes in the comber-board andthe connections may be lowered to the lower part of the shed, so that their warp-threads will be tied underthe lower-ply weft-thread, which will be shot in the shed thus formed.

Two successive positions in the formation of a shed for a lower-ply weft-thread, as above described, are illustrated in Figs. 1 and 2 of the drawings. In Fig. 1 the comber-board 35 is in lower position, and the harness connection 7 which has been selected by the jacquard mechanism to lift its warp-thread a to form the pile, has been raised by the jacquard. In Fig. 2 the comber-board has been raised and has carried upward and rearward with it the harness connections 8, 9, 10, and 11, which were notraised by the jacquard, and the selected harness connection 7, which was raised by the jacquard, has now been lowered by the jacquard, and its projection 38 has passed freely through the hole in the comber-board, and its warp-thread a. has been crossed over the pile-wire 22 and is now in the lower part of the shed, and the shed has been completely formed for a weft-thread of the lower ply, and this weft-thread passes over and ties the warp-thread a, which formed the pile. The next operation in the loom shown will be for the weaving of a weft in the upper ply, and

the comber-board will be moved downward and forward, and the figuring wane-threads selected and lifted by the jacquard to form pile will be the only figuring Warp-threads lifted.

It will be noted that as the movement of the harness connections lifted by the comberboard is longitudinally of the loom such movement will not cause any deflection or lateral movement or crossing of the warp-threads. This feature is of special advantage in looms of considerable width, wherein a very large number of ligu ring warp threads are em ployed. It is also to be noted that this move ment of the harness connections longitudinally of the loom will not interfere with the necessary crossing movement of the pile-forming warp-threads where longitudinal pile-wires are employed.

The advantage of the employment of a comber-board lift in looms is a very substantial one by reason of the simplification of the jacquard mechanism as, for example, with live sets of figuring warp-threads, as in the construction shown, if a comber-board were not employed the jacquard would have to lift all of the warp-threads in the shed-forming operation for a lower-ply weft-shot instead of having to lift only one-fifth of the warpthreads, as in the construction shown, but the entanglement of the slack of the harness-cords in the holes and slits of the comber-board has been a serious objection to such aconstruction. According to our invention this difliculty has been overcome by the provision of rigid portions in the harness connections to hold up the slack of the harness-cords, as above described.

In the modified construction shown in Figs. 6 and 7 the engaging projections on the harness connections 44 are shown as hooks &5, formed thereon and projectinglongitudinally therefrom, and the comber-board 35 is provided with openings or slits 46 of uniform width and with engaging cross-bars 47, which are in line with the hooks 45 of the harness connections when the comber-board is in lower position and which are moved out of line with the hooks 45 when the (somber-board is in upper position, as shown in Fig. 7.

In the various applications of our invention the construction may be suitably altered, and it is obvious that various modifications may be made in the constructions shown and above particularly described within the spirit and scope of our invention.

What we claim, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

1. In a loom, the combination, with harness connections and a comber-board therefor, of selecting means for lifting andlowering harness connections and means for raising the comber-board and moving it longitudinally of the loom.

2. In a pile-fabric loom, the combination,

with harness connections controlling the figuring warp-threads, of selecting means for lifting and lowering harness connections to form pile, and lifting means for raising the harness connections not selected and moving the same longitudinally of the loom.

3. Ina pile-fabric loom, the combination, with harness connections controlling the figuring warp-threads, of selecting means for lifting and lowering harness connections to form pile, a comber-board, and means for raising the comber-board and moving it longitudinally of the loom, the comber-board and connections having engaging parts which are brought into disengaging position as to the selected harness connections by the longitudinal movement of the comber-board.

4. In a pile-fabric loom, the combination, with harness connections controlling the figuring warp-threads, such harness connections having engaging projections thereon, of a comber-board having openings to permit the passage of the projections of the harness connections and engaging parts admitting the harness connections but excluding the projections thereof, such comber-board when in lower position having the harness connections at the engaging parts thereof, selecting mechanism for lifting and lowering harness connections to form pile and lifting means for thereafter raising the comber-board and moving the same longitudinally of the loom so as to thereby lift all harness connections not lifted by the selecting mechanism and'to bring the openings of the comber-board in line with the selected harness connections to permit the warp-threads thereof to be dropped to the lower part of the shed. j

5. In a loom,the combination, with a comberboard, of harness connections having rigid .portions therein in proximity to the com her-board and extending above the comber board and flexible portions above the rigid portions.

6. In a loom,the combination,with a comberboard, of harness connections having rigid portions therein and flexible harness-cordsabove the rigid portions, such rigid portions having engaging projections thereon and extending above the engaging projections to hold up the slack of the harness-cords.

7 In a loom,the combination,with a comberboard and means for raising the comber-board and moving it longitudinally of the loom, of

harness connections having rigid portions therein in proximity tothecomber-boardand extending above the comber-board.

8. In a 100m, the combination, with harness connections having rigid portions therein and flexible harness-cords above the rigid portions, such rigid portions having engaging projections thereon and extendingabove the engaging projections to hold up the slack of the harness-cords, of a comber-board having openings to permit the passage of the projec tions of the harness connections and engaging parts admitting the harness connections but excluding the projections thereof, such comber-board when in lower position having the harness connections at the engaging parts thereof, and means for raising the comberboard and also movingit longitudinally of the loom so as to move the engaging parts thereof away from the normal positions of the harness connections.

9. In a pile-fabric loom, the combination, and flexible harness-cords above the rigid-portions, such rigid portions having harness connections controlling thefiguring warp-threads, such harness connections having rigid portions therein with engaging projections thereon and extending above the projections to hold up the slack of the harness-cords, of a comber-board having openings to permit the passage of the projections of the harness connections and engaging parts admitting the harness connections but excluding the projections thereof, such engaging parts being longitudinally adjacent to the openings, selecting mechanism forlifting and lowering the harness connections to form pile, and means for actuating the comber-board vertically and longitudinally of the loom.

10. In a loom, the combination, with a comber-board having guide-openings therein, of harness connections each having a metallic ribbon passing through a guid e-opening of the comber-board and having a mail therein.

11. In a loom, the combination, with a comber-board having guide-openings and lon-. gitudinally-adjacentengaging parts therein, and 'means for actuating the comber-board vertically and longitudinally of the loom, of

harness connections each comprising a flexible harness-cord and a metallic ribbon, the" metallic ribbon having an engaging projection thereon and having a mail therein and extending above the engaging projection so as to hold up the slack of the harness-cord and passing through a guide opening in the cOmber-board, the comber-board being arranged so'that the engaging parts thereof are in juxtaposition to the engaging projections of the harness connections when the comber: board is in lower position and that the engaging parts are moved away from the normal positions of the engaging projections when the comber-board ismoved longitudinally,sub-

stantially as set forth.

In testimony whereof we have affixed our signatures in presence of two witnesses.

PAUL CHRISTIAN SOHWEMMER. NATHANIEL MARCUS SHINN' Witnesses:

GEORGE W. GOLDEN, S. D. BAILEY.

Ioc 

